01：诊断

影像学检查是诊断肠梗阻比较有效的方案。

X线影像可以发现阳性异物，肠道扩张积气或者积液；X线造影检查可以评估肠道蠕动情况，发现一些阴性异物如布条、棉质玩具等。泛发性肠梗阻积气如吞气症、平滑肌麻痹类药物、泛发性腹膜炎或肠炎等。泛发性肠梗阻积液如考虑肠炎、弥散性肠道肿瘤等。局部肠梗阻积气如腹膜炎（胰腺炎），肠梗阻早期、动脉供给中断等。局部肠梗阻积液如异物、肿瘤性阻塞、肠套叠等。

超声检查既可以评估肠腔内容物、检查肠壁结构，还可以计算蠕动次数，有助于鉴别机械性梗阻还是功能性梗阻。此外，还可以鉴别诊断胰腺炎和腹膜炎。

02：治疗

请勿在无医嘱的情况下乱用药物，且药量需谨遵医嘱使用，不同宠物年龄、品种和体重对使用方法和剂量会有较大影响。

对于功能性梗阻，治疗原发疾病、纠正电解质紊乱、促进胃肠蠕动即可达到治疗目的，对于猫使用鼻饲管对胃肠道进行减压相当必要，可选择使用甲氧氯普胺（0.4 mg/kg，IV，隔6h），不建议使用抗胆碱能药物、阿片制剂、止泻剂等。

对于机械性梗阻，外科手术可能是必要的手段，尤其对于线性异物、肠套叠、大于2cm的其他异物、肿瘤等病例。手术前进行输液治疗、预防性给予抗生素以及小肠活力的评估是非常必要的。手术中可选择的手术方案包括腹腔探查手术、肠管切开手术、肠管切除与吻合术等。术后的住院护理、营养管理对于动物的恢复也十分重要。

01：diagnosis

Imaging is the most effective method to diagnose ileus.

X - ray images can find positive foreign bodies, intestinal dilatation of gas or fluid; X-ray examination can assess intestinal peristalsis, some negative foreign objects such as cloth, cotton toys, etc. Gas accumulation of generalized intestinal obstruction such as gas swallowing disease, smooth muscle paralysis drugs, generalized peritonitis or enteritis. Such as enteritis, diffuse bowel cancer and so on. Local intestinal obstruction gas accumulation such as peritonitis (pancreatitis), early intestinal obstruction, arterial supply interruption, etc. Local intestinal obstruction effusion such as foreign body, neoplastic obstruction, intussusception, etc.

Ultrasound can evaluate the contents of the intestinal lumen, examine the structure of the intestinal wall, and count the number of peristalsis, helping to distinguish between mechanical and functional obstruction. In addition, also can differentiate diagnosis pancreatitis and peritonitis.

02：treatment

Do not use drugs without medical advice, and the amount of medicine should be used according to medical advice, different pet age, breed and weight will have a great impact on the method of use and dose.

Functional obstruction, in the treatment of primary disease, correct electrolyte disorder, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, can achieve treatment, for the cat to use nasogastric tube on gastrointestinal decompression is necessary, can choose to use methoxychlor, amine (0.4 mg/kg, IV, every 6 h), do not recommend the use of anticholinergic drugs, opioid formulation, antidiarrheal agent, etc.

For mechanical obstruction, surgery may be necessary, especially for linear foreign bodies, intussusception, other foreign bodies larger than 2cm, and tumors. Preoperative infusion therapy, prophylactic administration of antibiotics, and evaluation of intestinal viability are necessary. The surgical options include abdominal exploration, enterotomy, enterotomy and anastomosis. Postoperative inpatient care and nutritional management are also very important for animal recovery.